Vision-Based Navigation Techniques for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Review and Challenges

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have gained increasing interest in both academia and industries. The evolution of UAV technologies, such artificial intelligence, component miniaturization, computer vision, has decreased their cost increased availability for diverse applications services. Remarkably, the integration vision with UAVs provides cutting-edge technology visual navigation, localization, obstacle avoidance, making them capable autonomous operations. However, limited capacity navigation makes unsuitable global positioning system (GPS)-blind environments. Recently, vision-based approaches that use cheaper more flexible sensors shown considerable advantages owing to rapid development vision. Visual localization mapping, path planning are essential components navigation. goal this study was provide a comprehensive review techniques. Existing techniques been categorized extensively reviewed regard capabilities characteristics. Then, they qualitatively compared terms various aspects. We also discussed open issues research challenges design implementation UAVs.